Part of my job as a teacher is teaching the Old Testament to a group of 8th grade students. We spent the first 8 weeks of school studying Ancient Near East and Egyptian civilizations, and are now beginning our time in the Old Testament. The next two quarters will be spent on the first five books or the Pentateuch. This post stems from a conversation we had in class about why we read the Pentateuch the way we do.
How should we read the Pentateuch?
As a historical document, inspired by God, and penned by Moses, that teaches the history of the people of Israel and lays the foundation for the Messiah.
The Old Testament progressively reveals the Messiah:
The Pentateuch: Foundation for Christ
The Books of History: Preparation for Christ
The Books of Poetry and Wisdom: Anticipation of Christ
The Books of the Prophets: Expectation of Christ
Why should we read the Pentateuch that way?
Short answer: Because Jesus did.
Longer, but still pretty short answer: In Luke 24, Jesus teaches His disciples, “starting with Moses”, what all the Scriptures say about Him. The Scriptures are one continuous story of God revealing Himself and His plan to save humanity.
What are the major themes and lessons of the Pentateuch?
Major themes:
The election (Genesis), salvation (Exodus), sanctification (Leviticus), discipline (Numbers) and instruction (Deuteronomy) of the people of Israel.
Lessons:
Salvation is essential. (Genesis)
Deliverance is essential. (Exodus)
Holiness is essential. (Leviticus)
Perseverance is essential. (Numbers)
Obedience is essential. (Deuteronomy)
Recommended Resources:
Old Testament Survey Series, The Pentateuch by James E. Smith
The Reformation Study Bible (ESV), The ESV Study Bible
Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament
Tim Keller’s Old Testament Studies
RTS on iTunes U (various classes)